Electromagnetically-controlled compressing
and pumping devices



M 1 t h 2 Q n S e t R e e G h N S I S 5 S E R P M O C S D E NM 0 I E anS IN! LOW. A Hww C .A AM D T N E A N G A M O R T G E L E Dec. 7, 1965Original Filed July 28, 1959 Fie].

Dec. 7, 1965 A. CHAUSSON ELEC'l'ROMAGNHTlCALLY (JON'lROL-Llul)COMPRESSING AND PUMPING DEVICES Original Filed July 28, 1959 I5Sheets-Sheet 2 Fie .18

FiaSa United States Patent f 25,934 ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-CONTROLLED COM-PRESSING AND PUMPING DEVICES Andre Chausson, Asnieres, Seine, France,assignor to Societe Anonyme des Usiues Chaussou, Asnieres, France, aFrench company Original No. 3,039,395, dated June 19, 1962, Ser. No.830,091, July 28, 1959. Application for reissue Aug. 7, 1962, Ser. No.215,767

Claims priority, application France, July 31, 1958, 771,595 11 Claims.(Cl. 10353) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in the originalpatent but forms no part of this reissue specification; matter printedin italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

The present invention relates to a device for the compression of gasesand, if required, the pumping of liquids, this device being of the typewhich operates under electro-magnetically-sustained vibratory motion.

The particular embodiment of the device according to the inventionpermits of production of the device in particularly compact form, thusenabling it to be used as a cold-generating fluid compressor inrefrigeration plants.

A further advantage of the device according to the invention resides inthe fact that it is of extremely simple construction.

According to the invention, the electromagneticallycontrolledcompressing and pumping device comprises a fixed iron circuit and amobile polarized armature cooperating with elastic members which conferupon it a vibration frequency less than the frequency of an AC. currentfeeding the windings of the iron circuit, said iron circuit beingintegral with at least one cylinder within Whch slides a pistoncontrolled by the cylindrically-shaped armature which is itself mountedon a shaft connected to said elastic members and which comprisespermanent magnets the number of which is equal to half the number ofspaces formed between the poles of the iron circuit, said poles beingarranged so as to surround this armature and being magneticallyinterconnected in pairs, via the magnets of the armature, to form magnetkeepers the field of polarization of which induces, in the windings ofsuccessive poles of the iron circuit, magnetic currents which arereversed at each cycle of the current feeding into these windings.

Several other characteristics will in any case become apparent from thefollowing detailed description.

Forms of embodiment of the invention are shown, by way of example, inthe accompanying drawings.

FIGURE 1 is a cross elevational section view illustrating a form ofexecution of the compressing device.

FIGURE la is a sectioned view along the line IaIa in FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 2. is a section view along the line IIII in FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 is a section view along the line IIIIII in FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 4 is a section view similar to that in FIGURE 3, but whichillustrates a modification.

FIGURE 5 is a section, similar to FIGURE 1, of a variant,

FIGURE 5a is a section view along the line Va--Va in FIGURE 5.

In FIGURES 1 to 5a, the compressing device is housed in a container 45sealed by a lid 46 on to which the device is hung by means of elasticmembers 47, in the number, say, of three.

The body of the compressing device is so shaped as to form a housing 48,of annular shape, carrying centrally located bearings 49 and 50 whichmay either be of the plain or needle-bearing type, for example. Thebear- Re. 25,934 Reissued Dec. 7, 1965 ings 49 and 50 carry a shaft 51the end 51a of which is rendered integral with a substantiallyspirally-coiled spring blade 52 the free end of which is secured to ananchoring piece 53 (FIGURE 2) carried by the housing 48 forming the bodyof the device.

The other end 51b of the shaft 51 is keyed to a lever 54, preferablyprovided with two arms 55 and 56 the ends of which are designed tocooperate with rods 57 connected to pistons 57a slidably mounted incylinders 58 which are also carried by the housing 48. The pistons 57aare driven by the rods 57 so as to be able to slide within thecylinders, the bores of which are shaped in the form of toroidalsections concentric with the shaft 51 (FIGURE la). These cylinderscommunicate with the inside of the casing 45 via one of their ends andare isolated from delivery chambers 58a. formed into the housing 58, bymeans of valves 57b shaped similarly to the pistons 57a, the latterbeing themselves provided, like the valves, with deformable flexiblelinings. At midlength, the shaft 51 carries a cylindrical member 59 madeof a metal which is non-magnetic but which is a conductor of electricity(hereinafter referred to as rotor"), in which cylindrical memberembedded permanent magnets 60, 61, 62 and 63 substantially ofcircular-arc shape, as shown in FIGURES 3 and 4 in particular.

In addition, the rotor 59 carries checks or polar pieces 64 made ofmagnetic metal which are arranged so as to enclose the ends of each ofthe magnets to 63 and to protrude slightly beyond the periphery of therotor 59.

As shown in the drawing, the outer wall of the polar pieces 64 is alsoshaped into the form of a circular arc concentric with the rotor 59. Themagnets 60 to 63 together with their polar pieces constitute a polarisedarmature designed to cooperate with a magnetic circuit 65 carried by thehousing 48.

As shown in FIGURE 3, the magnetic circuit comprises a one-piece block66 made up, say, of magnetic laminations and forming main poles 67, 68,69 and 70 and with secondary poles 71, 72, 73 and 74, respectivelylocated between these main poles and so arranged that, at rest, thepolar pieces 64 of magnets 60 to 63 shall be respectively positioned soas to cover up all the free space included between a main pole and asecondary pole. In this way, the permanent magnetic field generated bythe various magnets can close through the magnetic circuit.

For instance, the lines of force of the magnet 60 may in part passthrough the primary pole 70 and in part through the secondary poles 73and 74, following naturally the paths of least magnetic resistance.

The main poles 67 to 70 are provided respectively with coils 75, 76, 77and 78 which are intended to be directly supplied with AC. current.

The magnetic field generated during an initial halfperiod of the AC.current feeding the coils obviously tends to close up through themagnets 60 to 63, so that the latter are subjected to a degree ofdisplacement which causes the rotor 59 to rotate in the directionwhereby said permanent magnets 60 to 63 tend to take up a position forwhich the magnetic flux is at a maximum.

At the subsequent semi-alternation, displacement of the rotor isobviously reversed, so that the rotor is thus driven in sustainedoscillating movement. The spring blade 52 connected to the shaft 51 and,hence to the rotor, is therefore made to vibrate by the latter. In themanner well-known per se, the no-load natural frequency of the movingassembly made up of the rotor 59, the shaft 51, the various componentscarried by this shaft and the blade 52, is so chosen that it issubstantially less than that of the AC. current supplying the coils, inorder that the vibratory motion so obtained, though synchronous with thefeed current, shall not be in tune therewith.

Operation under ncar-resonant conditions is obtained only during normalfunctioning, that is to say, when the fluid compressed by the piston 57asliding in the cylinders 58 is in such condition that the elastic forcesresulting therefrom are of sufficient magnitude to increase the naturalvibration frequency of the moving assembly so as to cause this naturalfrequency to tend towards a value which is slightly less than that ofthe frequency of the A.C. current to the coils. As will be clearlyunderstood from FIGURE la, one of the pistons 57a travels along itssuction stroke whilst the other is on its compression stroke. It followsthat the strokes of the two pistons are strictly equal about a positionof equilibrium occupied when the apparatus is at rest.

FIGURE 4 illustrates a slight modification in accordance with which thesecondary poles 71 to 74 in FIGURE 3 are replaced by main poles 71a,72a, 73a and 74a provided with coils 75a to 78a similar to the coils 75to 78.

In the interest of facilitating the execution of the magnetic circuit,it is preferable, according to FIGURE 4, to provide the block 66a ofthis iron circuit in the manner illustrated that is to say in the formof a ring.

The manner of working according to the modification in FIGURE 4 isidentical to that described hereinabove with reference to FIGURE 3,except that, for a given power output of the device, it is possible toreduce the outer dimension of the latter and, as a result, the overallbulk of the compressing device, which is often an advantage.

FIGURE 5 illustrates a variant in which the magnetic circuit accordingto FIGURE 3 or that according to FIG- URE 4, finds applicationindifferently.

According to this particular variant, the spring blade 52 is suppressedand replaced by a torsion bar 79 the extremity 79a of which is anchoredin a rigid support 80, itself carried by that part of the housing 48which comprises the bearing 49 within which rotates a hollow shaft 51bearing the rotor 59. In addition, this hollow shaft 51, is supported bythe bearing 50 and protrudes beneath the housing 48 so that it may bekeyed to the free end 79b of the torsion bar 79. This hollow shaft 51carries, in the same way as the shaft 51 in FIGURE 1, a beam lever 54acomprising two arms 55a and 56a the extremities of which are connectedto piston-rods 81, 81a and 82, 82a actuating four pistons 57a,respectively accommodated in four cylinders 58 which are constitutedexactly as described hereinabove with reference to FIG- URE 1a. Thisfour-cylinder arrangement allows balancing the efforts transmitted tothe pistons, so that no harmful reaction forces are applied to thehollow shaft 51 which is a particularly advantageous feature obviatingundue wear on the bearing 50. Furthermore, with this arrangement, itbecomes possible to construct a multistage compressor wherein allstresscs transmitted are entirely balanced out.

While we have described a plurality of embodiments, it is to be clearlyunderstood that our invention is by no means limited to the particularforms described I'] detail hereinbefore with reference to theaccompanying drawings, which are given by way of example only and not inany limiting sense, but that on the contrary many modifications may bemade without departing from the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. An electromagneticallycontrolled compressing and pumping device ofthe character described, comprising a sealed container, a body ofsubstantially cylindrical shape within said container, said bodydefining an inner housing and being provided with opposed apertures,bearings disposed in said apertures, a shaft fitted in said bearings andextending axially through said body, a lever fixed to said shaftexternally of said body and provided at both ends with compressingmeans, a plurality of cylinders fixed to said body receiving saidcompressing means whereby relative oscillation between said body andsaid shaft will effect operation of said compressing means within saidcylinders, a cylindrical core disposed within said body and fixed tosaid shaft, a plurality of arcuate permanent magnets within said corehaving their opposite ends disposed closely adjacent the periphery ofsaid core, a plurality of radially extending pole members carried bysaid body and terminating closely adjacent the periphery of said core,an A.C. coil winding surrounding each of said pole members, there beingtwice as many pole members as there are permanent magnets.

2. An electromagnetically-controlled pumping and compressing devicecomprising a hollow container for holding a fluid to be compressed, ahollow body of generally cylindrical form mounted within said container,a shaft journaled axially within said body and projecting at one endexteriorly of the body, an armature fixed to said shaft within saidbody, a field coopcrable with said armature including a plurality ofpole pieces fixed to said body and extending inwardly toward saidarmature, an A.C. winding around each of said pole pieces whereby tocause relative oscillation between said shaft and said body when suchwindings are excited, said body having a portion rigid therewithpresenting a chamber exterior to the body, a lever fixed to said one endof the shaft and having means carried thereby cooperable with saidchamber in response to relative oscillation as aforesaid to induct fluidfrom within said container and compress the same, said body completelyenclosing said armature and field and isolating the same from thefluid-receiving area of said container.

3. The assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein said body is providedwith at least a pair of portions presenting exterior chambers at thelower end thereof, each such portion having a cylinder formed therein ofcircular cross-section and arcuated concentrically with the axis of saidshaft, said lever extending in diametrically opposed directions fromsaid shaft and wherein the means carried by the lever cooperable withthe chambers includes a piston reciprocable within said cylinders.

4. The assembly as defined in claim 3, wherein said armature is in theform of a cylindrical core having a plurality of arcuate permanentmagnets disposed therein, the opposite ends of each such permanentmagnet being disposed closely adjacent the periphery of said core, therebeing twice as many pole pieces as there are permanent magnets, andtorsional restoring means for resisting relative oscillation betweensaid shaft and said body.

5. The assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein said shaft is tubular, atorsion bar extending concentrically in side such tubular shaft andhaving its lower end anchored to the lower end of such shaft, the upperend of said torsion bar being fixed to said body.

6. An electromagnetically-controlled compressing and pumping devicecomprising a sealed container, a generally cylindrical body disposedwithin said container and defining therewithin an inner housing isolatedfrom the interior of said container, a shaft journaled in said body, acylindrical core fixed to said shaft within said body, said core beingprovided with arcuate permanent magnets the ends of which aresubstantially in alignment with the periphery of the core, a fieldassembly rigid with said body including pole pieces extending radiallyinwardly toward said core with each such pole piece being provided withan A.C. winding thereabout whereby when such windings are excited, saidshaft and body will be oscillated relative to each other, there beingtwice as many pole pieces as there are permanent magnets with theequilibrium position between the shaft and body being such that the polepieces are disposed between the opposite ends of each of thecorresponding permanent magnets, and means for restoring said shaft andbody to their equilibrium position.

7. The a sembly as defined in claim 6 wherein said body is provided inthe lower region thereof with at least two cylinder blocks rigidtherewith and having cylinders of circular cross-section formed thereinarcuated concentrically with relation to said shaft with such cylindersbeing disposed exteriorly of such body, a lever rigid with one end ofsaid shaft and disposed exteriorly of said body, piston rods carried bythe opposite ends of said lever and having pistons carried therebyoperable within said cylinders.

8. In a pump actuating device, an electromagnet, arm means including anarmature operable by the electromagnet to transmit actuating movement,and means in eluding a torsion bar mounting said arm means for rotationin compliance wtih torsional constraint imposed by said bar as the armmeans transmits said actuating movement, said arm means and bar beingsujiiciently integral as to rotate together.

9. In a pump actuating device, an electromagnet, elongated arm meansincluding an armature a portion of which extends proximate theelectromagttetic, said arm means being operable by the elcctromagnet inresponse to alternating current energization thereof to transmitactuating movement, means including a pump having a part to which saidactuating movement is transmitted, and means included torsion shaftmounting said arm for said rotary oscillation about a first lateral axisand through an angular path less than 90 degrees, and in compliance withtorsional constraint imposed during twisting of said shaft as the armmeans transmits said actua lion movement, said arm means and torsionshaft being integral so as to rotate together.

10. In a pump actuating device, an electromagnet, arm means including anarmature operable by the electromagnet and in response to alternatingcurrent nergization thereof t transmit actuating movement, and meansincluding a torsion bar mounting said arm means for rapid rotaryoscillation through an angular path less than degrees, and in compliancewith the torsional constraint imposed by said bar as the arm meanstransmits said actuating movement, said arm means and bar beingsufliciently integral as to rotate together.

I]. In a pump actuating device, an electromagnet, arm means including anarmature operable by the electromagnet and in response to alternatingcurrent energization thereof to transmit actuating movement, pumpingmeans to which said actuating movement is transmitted, and meansincluding a torsion liar mounting said arm means for rapid rotaryoscillation through an angular path less than 90 degrees, and incompliance with the torsional constraint imposed by said bar as the armmeans transmits said actuating movement, said arm means and bar beingsufliciently integral as to rotate together.

References Cited by the Examiner The following references, cited by theExaminer, are of record in the patented file of this patent or theoriginal patent.

FOREIGN PATENTS 1,177,892 l2/l958 France.

ROBERT M. WALKER, Primary Examiner.

LAURENCE V. EFNER, Examiner.

